Architecture

How the transactional outbox pattern solves the dual-write problem in microservices by keeping database writes and event publishing consistent.

How to roll out database schema changes safely in production without breaking reads, writes, deployments, or mixed-version application traffic.

How to evolve APIs without breaking clients through explicit compatibility rules, staged rollouts, and deprecation workflows that teams can enforce.

Why adding more instances does not always improve throughput when shared state, coordination costs, and contention remain the real bottleneck.

Why read replicas often fail to reduce database load when coordination costs, consistency guarantees, and hidden coupling keep pressure on the primary.