How to use rate limiting, backpressure, and load shedding to keep microservices inside safe capacity, with failure timelines, TypeScript admission controls, queue policies, rollout steps, and production metrics.
How the circuit breaker pattern protects microservices from cascading failures, including closed/open/half-open states, slow-call thresholds, fallback behavior, retry interaction, rollout checks, and production metrics.
Why request timeouts limit waiting but do not stop cascading failures unless they are paired with admission control, bounded queues, backpressure, and load shedding.