Distributed-systems

How retry budgets keep microservice retries useful without amplifying overload: per-request limits, client retry ratios, token buckets, and metrics.

How correlation IDs in microservices connect logs, traces, queues, and background jobs across service boundaries without replacing tracing or metrics.

A practical OpenTelemetry guide for backend engineers: what to instrument first, and how traces, metrics, logs, sampling, and collectors aid debugging.

How to handle webhook idempotency and retries in production with durable receipts, atomic deduplication, fast acknowledgements, and replay-safe workers.

How to build a PostgreSQL job queue with FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED: schema design, atomic claiming, indexes, retries, stuck-job recovery, and trade-offs.