A common assumption is that adding an index will resolve query latency. In practice, indexes often fail to change execution behavior for less obvious reasons.
Caching is usually introduced as a performance optimization. Over time, it often becomes a source of behavioral inconsistency that is harder to reason about than the system it was meant to improve.
Languages and frameworks change constantly. Foundational skills last. These are the core abilities that make developers effective across technologies and over time.
Debugging is not about guessing or trial and error. It is a systematic skill that relies on observation, reasoning, and understanding how systems actually fail.