All Posts

How to prevent race conditions in backend systems using constraints, locking, idempotency, and concurrency-aware testing instead of lucky timing.

A practical guide to optimistic and pessimistic locking in SQL, including version columns, SELECT FOR UPDATE, lost updates, and when to use each approach in production.

A practical guide to SQL isolation levels, including Read Committed, Repeatable Read, and Serializable, with backend examples and production trade-offs.

How the transactional outbox pattern solves the dual-write problem by making business writes and publish intent commit together, then delivering events asynchronously and safely.

How to run background jobs safely in production by designing for retries, duplicate delivery, partial failure, and business-level correctness.